Overview of Metformin

Metformin is a widely prescribed oral medication in the class of drugs known as biguanides. It is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body’s inability to effectively use insulin or produce enough of it. Metformin has been in clinical use for several decades and is considered a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Brands name:

• Glucophage
• Glucophage XR
• Fortamet
• Riomet.
• Riomet ER.
• Sun phage
• Sita met
• Viglip-M

Uses of Metformin:

1. Diabetes of type 2: It helps lower blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. It also decreases the absorption of glucose from the digestive tract.
2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): It is sometimes prescribed to women with PCOS to improve insulin resistance and regulate menstrual cycles.

Drug-Drug Interactions:

It may interact with other medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or safety. Some notable interactions include:

• Cimetidine: May increase metformin levels in the blood.
• Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of it.
• Certain Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): These may affect kidney function when taken with in it.

It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potentially harmful interactions.

Contraindications of Metformin:

It should not be used in certain circumstances, including:

• Kidney Dysfunction: It is contraindicated in individuals with severe kidney impairment or end-stage renal disease.
• Liver Disease: Those with liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse may need careful monitoring.
• Heart Failure: Metformin may not be suitable for people with advanced heart failure.
• Allergies: Known allergies to metformin or any of its components.

Side Effects of Metformin:

Common side effects of its include:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. These often improve with time or can be managed by taking the medication with food.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency over prolonged use.
• Rarely, a potentially serious condition called lactic acidosis can occur. Symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, and unusual tiredness.

Dosage of Metformin:

Dosage varies depending on the individual’s condition and response. It is typically initiated at a low dose and increased gradually to minimize side effects. Common dosages range from 500 mg to 2000 mg per day, taken in divided doses.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations regarding the dosage and timing of metformin. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and kidney function is essential while taking this medication.

CONCLUSION

Metformin is a valuable medication for managing type 2 diabetes and certain other conditions. However, its use should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and interactions, and it may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with specific contraindications.